Importance of Studying the Business Environment. - 684 Words

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT. The business environment is the aggregate of all conditions, events, and influences that surround and affect a business firm. Business environment generally refers to the external factors affecting, either positively or negatively, the operation of a firm. The most important external factors include economic, legal, political, social and technological factors Business environment is classified as follows:- (a) Internal Environment: These are the environmental factors which include :- (i) Man (ii) Machine (iii) Material (iv) Material (v) Management (b) External Environment : they are classified as†¦show more content†¦A firm may be strong in certain areas; where as it may be weak in some other areas. The firm should identify sue weakness so as to correct them as early as possible. (3) Identification of Opportunities: An analysis of the external environment helps the business firm to identify the opportunities in the market. The business firm should make every possible effort to grab the opportunities as and when they come. (4) Identification of Threats: Business may be subject to threats from competitors and others. Therefore environmental analysis helps to identify threats from the environment identification of threats at an earlier date is always beneficial to the firm as it helps to defuse the same. (5) Exploitation of Business Opportunities: Environment opens new opportunities for the expansion of business activities. Study of environment is necessary in order to discover and exploit such opportunities fully. (6) Keeping Business Enterprise Alert: Environment study is needed as it keeps the business unit alert in its approach and activities. In the absence of environmental changes, the business activities will be dull and lifeless. The problems amp; prospects of business can be understood properly through the study of business environment. This enables an enterprise to face the problems with confidence and secure the maximum benefits of business opportunities available. (7) Keeping Business FlexibleShow MoreRelatedReflective Report : Look The Module Description845 Words   |  4 Pageswould like to address here in this report some the most importance elements about what I have learned in this course up to now(MSc in public service). meanwhile, it must be said that some of these knowledge acquired is due to the environment surrounding me. 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The Legacy Of The Kennedy - 1056 Words

The Kennedy family name is synonymous with fame and fortune and â€Å"perfection†. But things have never been perfect behind the scenes of one of the most powerful families in American history. The first well-known Kennedy was Joseph Kennedy. He went to school at Harvard, but he was not very liked due to his religious practices. He did get married two years after his graduation to Rose Fitzgerald daughter of the Boston Mayor.(â€Å"Joseph Kennedy†2). They had a total of nine children; Joseph Jr., John (Jack), Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert (Bobby), Jean, and Edward (Ted).(â€Å"Joseph Kennedy†2). This was a very large family and he was able to support them with his work. The Kennedys were one of the most famous families in politics. People†¦show more content†¦A search party was set out to find the three and within the next day the bodies were found at the bottom of the ocean. The apparent reasoning was not found out until weeks or months l ater according to Wilson. Potential reasons the accident could have happened include mechanical failure, and whether Kennedy s flying was impeded by an injury to his right foot he recently sustained while para ­gliding.(Wilson 2) The most depressing Kennedy story is of Rosemary Kennedy. As I was reading the article I was saddened by what had happened to Rosemary. She was 23 when she disappeared from the public eye. What happened to her is the worst case in the Kennedy family. Both parents believed that Rosemary could be â€Å"cured† through a combination of holding her to the same standard as her siblings, specialized education and experimental injections(Hapsis 3) The reason no one ever heard what happened is because Joe Kennedy wanted no one to know the evil he had done. Joe had chosen a surgical procedure, without talking to his wife, where a lobotomy was performed on her to try and make Rosemary â€Å"normal†. The lobotomy did not do this, it caused Rosemary to regress to the mental age of a two-year-old and because of this she could not walk or talk( Hapsis 6). According to Hapsis, Rosemary was no longer mentioned in family letters after 1944, and no one visited her until 1958 when John sec retly went to see her. Rosemary’s death was one of the only natural deaths, she died from old age. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of The Kennedy Hope947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kennedy Hope 1961 was a year of renewal and hope for American and its allies through the election of 1960 and a new young vigorous president; John F. Kennedy. Young and full of energy President Kennedy gave America hope through courage, re-invention, and pioneered that path forward for America and its people. The election of President Kennedy to the highest office in the land of freedom and opportunity brought new hope, dedication, and power through superiority to America and the world. FirstRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. 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Agromas Free Essays

string(66) " the development of the product, the market and the entrepreneur\." [pic] UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MARA UiTM SHAH ALAM BRM 681 BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PERFORMANCE DETERMINANTS OF FAMA’S AGROMAS PRODUCTS IN SHAH ALAM PREPARED FOR: DR. NOORAINI MOHAMAD SHERIFF PREPARED BY: FARIDAH NOR MOHD MOKHTAR 2011514043 MOHD ADY AZRI ISLAKHUDDIN 2011729145 NUR ZULAIKHA ABD AZIZ 2011356423 SITI KHADIJAH MOHD MOKHTAR 2011926713 CLASS: BM 7701CF TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Agromas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Background of Study 1 2. Background of Company 2 3. Scope of Study 5 4. Problem Statement 5 . Research Objectives7 6. Research Questions8 7. Theoretical Framework8 8. Significance of Study8 9. Limitations of Study9 2. LITERATURE REVIEW10 1. Introduction 10 2. Sales Performance10 3. Promotion Effectiveness11 4. Availability of Product12 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY14 1. Research Design14 2. Sampling Frame14 3. Sample Size14 4. Sampling Technique15 5. Data Unit Analysis15 6. Data Collection Procedures15 7. Survey Instrument 15 8. Validity Instrument16 9. Data Analysis Plan 16 4. REFERENCES17 APENDIXES19 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION As far as eating-out is concerned, Malaysia is one of the countries in the world where a family can afford to eat out almost every day of the week. Depending on one’s budget, the choice of eating places can range from posh hotels and chic sidewalk cafes to fast-food joints and hawker stalls. The variety of international and local cuisines available in almost all major commercial centers has influenced consumer’s desires, tastes and preferences. One thing that can be noticed about the Malaysian nowadays, they are more driven towards fast, easy and instant product. This is noticeable more on the urban area where most people are having a very busy lifestyle. Malaysia’s consumer lifestyle has been evolving and changing due to rising of affluence and education levels. So this is the other factor that consumer today are concern towards fast, easy and instant product consumption. Malaysians are becoming more westernized, sophisticated and cosmopolitan. Admenment 1. Background of Study Although the fast growth in sales of instant food products has intrigued researchers’ interests, most existing research on the food industry has dealt with marketing strategies more than consumer’s behavior. Without in depth understanding of consumer behavior for this product category, it is difficult to devise effective marketing strategies. Furthermore, there are numerous studies regarding consumer’s attitudes and purchase behaviors the food products. It is also to be remembered that well organized production process and innovative product are in vain, if the consumer doesn’t like it, then the product is not viable in the market. It is necessary to recognizing the consumer behavior at the product and it is important to know what strategies of marketing that the products need to apply in order to increase sales performance. Availability of certain product itself also gives big impact to company sales performance. For deep understand of sales performance, it necessary to look out company products as well as marketing strategies that they used. The  Pareto principle  also known as the  80–20 rule, states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. However in business situations it can be define as â€Å"80% of your profits come from 20% of your product†. Based on researchers study, researchers only focus one roduct that most generate sales in the company which is instant coffee. 2. Background of Company Established on 30 September 1956, the Federal Agriculture Marketing Authority (FAMA) is a marketing agency established by the Government under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. As the Government’s marketing arm for agricultural products, FAMA is responsible for various marketing activities. Amongst its responsibilities are to set targets and product standards, monitor performance, as well as develop marketing strategies for Malaysian agricultural products. Moreover, it also runs the purposes to supervise, coordinate, regulate and develop the Malaysian agriculture produce, including import and export. FAMA organizes marketing activities, set targets and product standards, monitor performance, develop marketing strategies and tools as well as initiate innovative programs to promote Malaysian agricultural products. FAMA organizes promotional and national branding particularly for local agriculture produce producer and marketer to help them gain a market share in domestic and international markets. It give the intention towards the efforts on developing agriculture produce and food products exporter and entrepreneur and developing Malaysia’s Best and OleMas and/or AgroMas brands. 1. VISION To be the paramount leader in food marketing and agricultural produce. 2. MISSION Develop food marketing chain and agricultural produce that is efficient and effective to increase value to our clients. 3. OBJECTIVES a) Realizing ? Wawasan Negara and Dasar Pertanian Negara ? to make Malaysia as world food major producer through the efficiency and effectiveness for agriculture food product. ) Marketing infrastructure development and supply chain system that is efficient and effective. c) Market developments on agricultural food produces and increase the demand of it internally and outside the country. d) Driving human resource capability in knowledge based agricultural marketing and latest technology. 4. MAIN FUNCTION a) Coordinate agriculture marketing activities whether which involves private party or department / government agency. b) Improve marketing system and expand also to develop new market for Malaysian agriculture results. ) Collaborate with private party and department / government agency to create agricultural marketing with efficient and effective. d) Develop management that is efficient in agro-industry over marketing activity or agricultural products processing, and e) Involve directly in agriculture industry especially in marketing activity or agricultural products processing. 5. MARKETING CONTRACT (AGROMAS) Under the Federal Agriculture Marketing Authority (FAMA), there are two main brands that they market that are AgroMas and OLE MAS. AgroMas is brand that was developed by FAMA which responsible FAMA market that products. FAMA has introduced the â€Å"AgroMas† brand to promote agro products that have the potential for the domestic and export markets. FAMA had been using the AgroMas brand in assisting the development of agricultural products, particularly food products manufactured by SMIs, by expanding their markets, enhancing profitability of the enterprises and adding value to the selected fresh produce. Under the processed-food marketing division, FAMA focuses on the development of the product, the market and the entrepreneur. You read "Agromas" in category "Essay examples" This approach has helped the agro-based processed-food entrepreneurs to become FAMA vendors. The agricultural products carrying the AgroMas branding must conform to quality and standards set by FAMA and must undergo a stringent assessment procedure. Before the food products could adopt the AgroMas branding, FAMA would identify those with high market potential by carrying out assessment based on factors such as factory hygiene, customer’s feedback and capability of the product in meeting market demands. Only after passing a stringent assessment procedure would FAMA committee decides whether the product is fit to bear the AgroMas label. Since last year, 2010, more and more new products under AgroMas brand name are developed as FAMA aims at boosting its sales through AgroMas brand, it has identified several unfailing marketing strategies. To date, there are some 34 agricultural products as well as SMIs that are using the AgroMas brand. For the global market, FAMA is collaborating with local companies with marketing network overseas. There are several AgroMas food products have already penetrated the international market, among others in Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Indonesia, West Asian countries and the European Union. Apart from expanding geographically, FAMA is also increasing distribution of AgroMas food products that are in high demands. This is to make the products available more widely in the general consumer market. Presently AgroMas food products can only be found at selected supermarket such as Giant, Tesco, Carrefour, Mydin and their own FAMA AgroBazaar outlet stores. 3. Scope of Study This study is being conducted in the area of Shah Alam to look at the factors that poor sales performance of AgroMas. This study will involve the customers of Agro products. This study also will involve 100 respondents and will be distribute. 4. Problem Statement AgroMas seems to be a product of Malaysia that had been in the market for a very long time. They have the quality, great packaging, and as well strong brand name and among the finest taste of Malaysian brand. Under the processed-food marketing division, FAMA focuses on the development of the product, the market and the entrepreneur. This is to assist towards the development of agricultural products, particularly food products manufactured by SMIs. As for the development of more products being introduced in the market, it is expecting increasing market growth from it as to promote agro products that have the potential for the domestic and export markets. However, the problem faced by AgroMas is that they are having poor sales performance. Agromas actually are target to increase their sales at least 20% per year but unfortunately their just able to archived average growth rate 13. 33% since 2008. To know view and what problem that faced by AgroMas, we had personally interview En. Noor A’zizi Omar, the Economic Affairs Assistant Officer at FAMA Shah Alam and he had mention about this problem faced by AgroMas. He said that, one of the reasons why AgroMas sales performance is poor because ineffective of promotional mix. If not, of course AgroMas have been expand more markets and well known by more Malaysian consumers. He added that AgroMas team actually had produce TV commercials and billboard advertisement along certain highways but them still not having good sales performance. He also said, to measure sales performance there are involved 3 steps which are, first is based on order received, second is outflow of stock and lastly is when company received payment from customers. |Year |2008 |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Sales (RM) |112,240 |134,688 |161,626 |193,951 | |Increase % |- |20 |20 |20 | Table 1: Expected Annual sales by year Table above show the expected sales that should be received by AgroMas but because of ineffective of promotion mix there are failure to achieve their target. |Year |2008 |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Sales (RM) |112,240 |125,709 |135,766 |150,700 | |Increase % |- |12 |8 |11 | Table 2: Actual Annual sales by year Table above show the actual annual sales received by AgroMas. It shows that the higher sales rate just only 12% which is in 2009 and the lowest sales rate is only 8%. This is not achieving AgroMas target for sales which is expected to increase sales up to 20% per year. For more understanding regarding the expected and actual sales performance for AgroMas for determinants of poor performance sales, we can refer to graph below: [pic]Source: Myfinancial – Selangor State Commodity Report. Graph 1: AgroMas Annual Sales by Year As from the AgroMas annual sales graph attached above, it had showed slightly increases of sales throughout the past four (4) years from 2008 till 2011. But unfortunately, the slightly increasing sale of AgroMas products still can’t achieve their own sales target. It is because AgroMas already aimed the target that they must at least increase their sales in 20% per year. But the result showed all of the year the sales are increase less than 15%. That means that AgroMas not achieve their sales target and it comes to problem for them. Thus, this study is to identify how to increase sales of AgroMas products. This might help AgroMas to come out with unique and effective strategies in the future. 5. Research Objective 1. To determine the relationship between promotion effectiveness and sales performance of Agromas. 2. To identify the relationship between availability of product and sales performance of Agromas. 6. Research Question 1. How does promotion effectiveness affect sales performance of Agromas? 2. How does availability of product by Agromas Products effect sales performance? 7. Theoretical Framework 8. Significant of Study 1. Significant to the Public This study is to determine what the factors for the customer to patron Agro Bazaar Kedai Rakyat in Shah Alam. This study can help identifies the main factors that contribute to the patronization of Agro Bazaar Kedai Rakyat. It also can identify the degree of public satisfaction through the service offered by Agro Bazaar Kedai Rakyat. 2. Significant to the Researcher In this study, researcher can apply all the knowledge that we had learned in the subject of Research Methodology and Retail Study. Researcher cans personally being exposed to the working environment before entering the real working condition. At certain time, the experience and knowledge that we gain can also be used in the future especially in solving problem. 3. Significant to the FAMA and AgroMas The main purpose of doing this research is to determine the patronization of Agro Bazaar Kedai Rakyat in Shah Alam. This research is important in order to identify what are the factors that lead to consumer patronization towards Agro Bazaar Kedai Rakyat in Shah Alam. The outcome of the study will be useful to Agrobazaar in helping the improvement of the retail store. Results of the improvement effort also will benefit the public. In the long run, this study may be used as a reference for evaluating the customer satisfaction and patronization towards other local retail store. 9. Limitations of Study 1. Availability of Data The study is based on the data collected from the secondary sources. Therefore the accuracy of this study depends on the publish data. 2. Time constraint Time constraint has been encountered ever since the study has been started on the early semester. The progress of the work has not been done smoothly as the time spends must be divided between the tasks given by the company where the practical training is held as well as the time to complete the research. 3. Lack of Experience It is difficult to conduct a research due to the lack of experience since first time involved in conducting research. Although there are many problems, full of commitment is given to finish the research and to overcome such barriers. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. INTRODUCTION Literature review is a critical summary and an assessment of the current state of knowledge or current state of the art in a particular field. Literature review also can be define as the selection of available documents (both published and unpublished) on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfill certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it’s to be investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed. 1. Sales Performance The first variable in this research is sale performance. Managers and researchers are interested in how to develop more effective selling strategies for increased sales performance which can contribute to the creation of strong and long-lasting positive relationships with customers (Ghazaleh Moghareh Abed and Mohammad Haghighi, 2009). Researchers believe that these approaches can create more flexible, responsive partnerships, thereby improving the firm’s performance especially on sales. Furthermore, competition is stronger due to market globalization, and technology is continually becoming more advanced (Anderson, 1996; Wotruba, 1996). Producing the best available product is not enough but it also has to be sold. If companies want to survive in their market, they must pay great attention to the availability of their products and marketing strategies. This makes it important for companies to understand what ‘things’ influence their sales of performance. Identification of the relative influence of these determines factors can be used to focus a company’s efforts on the areas that are most important, improving the sales performance. To achieve and maintain good sales performance, therefore, retailers must pursue a retail strategy that aligns closely with customer merchandise preferences (Andrew J. Newman, Darshika Patel, 2004). When attempting to ascertain the reason for poor levels of sales performance, it is reasonable to assume that this may be due to ineffective positioning (Davies and Brooks, 1989), and a failure of the retailer’s positioning marketing strategy. This is an integrated management activity that takes in elements of the retail mix such as merchandising, store formats, sales staff interaction, promotional efforts (Walters and Laffy, 1996) and reputation. These factors create a point of differentiation, separate retailers from the competition, and create the retail brand. It can be assume that because of the image brand of others food products such as Adabi, Babas, Maggie and etc; it can affect the sales performance of the AgroMas company. In the other hand, retail management strategies ensure that the most stylish merchandise is available in the stores at the right time, and thus maintains brand image in the minds of the customer (Newman and Cullen, 2002). Therefore it is one of the reasons why AgroMas facing poor sales erformance due to availability of their products in the markets. So it is important to place AgroMAs products at the right time, right price and the most importantly are at the right place or store therefore to increase their sales volume and sales performance. 2. Promotion Effectiveness The second variable in this research is promotion effectiveness. This section will be discussed any data or previous study that rela tes to advertisement or promotion by target markets. Generally, promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products or services. One of the ways to promote the product is through television program. The more that brand involving the program, the more positive the ad response (David w. Llyod and Kevin J. Clancy). In addition, the content had been easy to understand for the passive viewer who wants to feel good stories that are not to serious and too demanding critical thinking (Joyce M. Wolburg). By referring AgroMas case, in order to ensure the products are aware by customer, AgroMas create documentary about the AgroMas product which is most of the product is agriculture product. As a result, the customer know how the product are be prepared by the AgroMas from the raw materials until finished goods. Besides that, physical attractiveness in an advertisement would influence purchase intention. Further, the influence of a physical attractiveness is also dependent on the product involvement of the consumers, familiarity with the products and the relative establishment of the strength of the advertised brands (Ian Phau, Linda Lam, 2000). Method that had been used by AgroMas in order to ensure the customer get knowledge about their product is involved in exhibition. In addition, the visitors emphasise information gathering, particularly information about new products, so the objectives of improving the company’s image and of gaining an edge on non-exhibitors would appear to be realistic non-selling objectives. From that exhibition, AgroMas can influence people who come to their booth to purchase their product especially instant coffee. That is the best way in order to do the promotion of their product. 3. Availability of Product When a demand curve is matched with a supply curve, the result predicts both the price and quantity of goods sold in a competitive market (Rob Docters, Bert Schefers, Tracy Korman, Christine Durman, 2008). However when demand curve is not matched with supply curve it call shortage or surplus. Sometimes because of surplus of good it make some of retailers refuse to market or sell of products anymore, therefore it makes the particular products not available in the certain retails stores. Availability of certain products is from the impact of disturbances of past purchase patterns on brand loyalty and long term demands for products. Even in days of plenty, brand loyalties were strongly influenced by the controlling factors of market structures and the constraints they imposed on the availability of products in the final market (Philip B. Schary, Boris W. Becker, 1993). According to AgroMAs case seems look that one of the factors their products availability is because of customers brand loyalty. Customers used to choose their brand loyalty such as Nestle compared to products that they don’t know at all. There is no consumer interest, by definition, in specific brands. It is due to customers having learned about the product through promotion and experience, demand is responsive to degrees of product availability. Physical distribution is one of factors that effects on the market place thus, more effort in distribution leads to higher levels of sales (Philip B. Schary, Boris W. Becker, 1993). Increased numbers of outlets, increased inventory service by intermediaries or is it a result of increased perception of the product by consumers as a result of additional shelf-space allocation by the retailer (Rob Docters, Bert Schefers, Tracy Korman, Christine Durman, 2008). Based on AgroMas situations, their physical distribution is so limited whereas they only supply the products to the certain wholesalers or retailers only. Therefore, it is difficult to find AgroMas’s products available in the markets. Moreover, the retailer seldom has the same degree of interest in the specific brand that his supplier does, because he is trying to solve a different problem: how to compete with other stores (Philip B. Schary, Boris W. Becker, 1993). That means, manufacturer can influence a retailer to stock his products by promotional effort to a far greater degree than by logistics offerings. In many product classes, it appears that consumers are more store loyal than product loyal. This in turn shifts the struggle for influencing sales through availability from the consumer directly to the retailer as intermediate decision maker. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the details that are critical in executing a meaningful and accurate report on this study. As business research covers a wide range of phenomena, not all areas will be discussed, however, general concepts or any relevant information and rationalization of chosen approaches will be. . Research Design The research of this study will use descriptive research which describes the characteristics of an existing phenomenon. Descriptive research falls under non-experimental research. It provides a broad picture of a phenomenon and focuses on events that occur in the present (Salkind, 2009). Therefore, the research will be conducted by using descriptive research in order to study the performance of poorsales for fama’s agromas products. 2. Sampling Frame The sampling frame that will be used in this study is the customer who shops at the store who sells AgroMas products and also publics who once head about AgroMas products. 3. Sample Size According to Sekaran and Bougie (2010), a sample should be big enough to help answer the research question accurately, but not so big that the process of sampling becomes uneconomical and inefficient. If the sample too small, it is not representative of the population and too large to overkill. Although, the less representative the sample is of the population, the more sampling error is present. Therefore, in this study, the researchers decided to select 100 respondents because of feasibility reason since it is not easy to approach customers who are in the middle of shopping, and not to forget the publics around Shah Alam too. 4. Sampling Technique The sampling technique that will be used in this study is simple random sampling under probability sampling strategies. Each customer of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected to be part of the sample. Equal means there is no bias that one person will be chosen rather than another. Then, an independent means the choice of the one person does not bias the researcher for or against the choice of another (Salkind, 2009). 5. Data Unit Analysis The unit of analysis will be the individual (walk in) customers and publics around Shah Alam. 6. Data Collection Procedures Data collection procedure that will be used for this study is questionnaires. The advantages of using questionnaire are it is less expensive to be administered, almost 100 percent response rate ensured and convenience to the respondents to give their feedback. The questionnaires will have cover to provide information regarding the topic that the study focuses. Questionnaires will be distributed to walk in customer specific retail shop which sells AgroMas products. The cover of questionnaires will be explaining the objectives of the study. The researcher will distribute the questionnaires to respondents and collect promptly once done within that day. 7. Survey Instrument The instrument that will be use in this study is questionnaire. The items of questionnaires will be formulated according the research objectives and the research question in this study. The questionnaires will be divided into four sections. Section A will be focus on respondents’ demographic background such as gender, race, age, religion, occupation and marital status. For section B, the item will be focus on the promotion effectiveness. For section C, questionnaires focus on availability of products. Lastly, Section D will be focus on sales performance. In addition, the research uses Nominal as a level of measurement for the questionnaires in section A and for other sections (B, C, D) researches using Interval. In order to meet the purpose of this study, Likert Scale with the range of 1 to 5 points being used started 1-Strongly Disagree, 2-Disagree, 3- Neutral, 4-Agree, and 5-Strongly Agree. And not to forget the numerical scale on Section D where researcher uses the 10 scale of extremely satisfied and extremely dissatisfied. 8. Validity of Instrument The questions will be validated in order to ensure the questionnaires that have been used for the method in this study are valid. The important of questionnaires will be tested for the face and content validity. The questionnaires related the factor that influencing sales performance adopted from the past research. Afterward, the researcher will select panels of expertise from Faculty of Business Management to check for content and validity. The questionnaires will be checking by experts in the field to ensure the researchers did not get any mistake when conducting the questionnaire for this study. Thus, the questionnaires will be in line with the objectives for this research. The effectiveness of the questions is very important to maintain the validity of instrument. 9. Data Analysis Plan Data analysis explains the techniques to analyze data obtained from the questionnaire. The statistic use is descriptive statistic. Data collected in the study will be analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 17. 0. The analysis in this study will involve descriptive statistical (frequencies and percentages) which include frequencies and mean, mode, and standard deviation. 4. REFERENCES Anderson, R. E. (1996), ‘‘Personal selling and sales management in the new millennium’’,Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 17-32. Andrew J. Newman, Darshika Patel, (2004),†The marketing directions of two fashionretailers†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 38 Iss: 7 pp. 770 – 789 (Davies andBrooks, 1989). David W. Lloyd, Kevin J. Clancy, (1993),†Television program involvement and advertising response†, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 8 Iss: 4 pp. 61 – 74 Ghazaleh Moghareh Abed, Mohammad Haghighi, (2009),†The effect of selling strategies onsales performance†, Business Strategy Series, Vol. 10 Iss: 5 pp. 266 – 282. Ian Phau, Linda Lam, (2000), â€Å"Effects of â€Å"physical attractiveness† in the evaluation of print advertisements†, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol. 12 Iss: 4 pp. 41 – 59 Jim Blythe, (1999),†Visitor and exhibitor expectations and outcomes at trade exhibitions†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 17 Iss: 2 pp. 100 – 110 Joyce M. Wolburg, (2001),†Misplaced marketing: Why television is the â€Å"wrong† environment for public service advertising campaigns†, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 18 Iss: 6 pp. 471 – 473 Kotler, P. (1973-74). Atmospherics as a marketing tool. Journal of Retailing, 49 (November),48- 64 Salkind, N. J. (2009), Exploring Research. Ed. 7th . New Jersey: PearsonEducation. Philip B. Schary, Boris W. Becker, (1993),†Product availability and the management ofdemand†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 10 Iss: 3 pp. 127 – 135. Rob Docters, Bert Schefers, Tracy Korman, Christine Durman, (2008),†The neglecteddemand curve: how to build one and how to benefit†, Journal of Business Strategy,Vol. 29 Iss: 5 pp. 19 – 25. Sekaran, U. , and Bougie, R. (2009), Research Method for Business: A Skill BuildingApproach. Ed. 5th. John Wiley and Son. Walters, D. and Laffy, D. (1996), Managing Retail Productivity and Profitability, Macmillan,London. Newman and Cullen, 2002). APENDIXES Operationalize Map [pic] [pic] Serial Number Dear Sir/Madam, We, Faridah Nor Mohd Mokhtar (2011514043), Nur Zulaikha Abd Aziz (2011356423), Mohd Adi Azry Mohd Islakhuddin (2011729145) and Siti Khadijah Mohd Mokhtar (2011926713) are students of Master Business Administration (MBA) from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Current ly, we are conducting a research regarding a topic of Performance Determinants of FAMA’s AgroMas Product in Shah Alam. As part of this reason, we are seeking your kind cooperation in answering this questionnaire as truthful as possible. All information given will be treated with strict confidence and will be used for the purpose of the study only. If you need any clarification please contact the researcher Faridah Nor Mohd Mokhtar at +60139664694. Thank You. SectionA: Demographic Profile A1. Gender: 1) Male 2) Female A2. Age: 1) 18-25 years old 2) 26-33 years old 3) 34-40 years old 4) 40years old and above A3. Race: 1) Malay 2) Chinese/ Cina 3) Indian/ India 4) Others : Please specify: _____________ A4. Highest Education: 1) SPM 2) STPM 3) Diploma 4) Degree 5) Others : Please specify :_________________ A5. Employment: ) Government Employee 2) Private Sector Employee 3) Others : Please specify: _____________ A6. Monthly income: 1) ; RM2,000 2) RM2,001 – RM 4,000 3) RM 4,001 – RM 6000 4) ; RM6,000 Section B: Promotion Effectiveness For Question B1-B9, you should circle your choice of answer according to the scale given. |Strongly Disagree |(2) Disagree |(3) Neither Disagree |(4) Agree |(5) Strongly | | | |Nor Agree | |Agree | B1. You have a positive reaction towards AgroMas promotion |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B2. You think AgroMas Instant Coffee’s promotion are convincing |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B3. You find AgroMas Instant Coffee ‘s promotion was interesting and |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |memorable | | | | | | |B4. You always satisfied with the taste of Agromas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B5. You would recommend to someone else about Agromas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B6. You never seen any AgroMas Instant Coffee commercial advertisement of |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |AgroMas Instant Coffee on the television | | | | | | |B7. You are now more likely to shop at AgroMas after the promotion advertised |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B8. You would like to see any changes in AgroMas future promotion |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |B9. You think that AgroMas Instant Coffee are better than the others available in |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |the market | | | | | | Section C: Availability of Products For Question C1-C7, you should circle your best choice of answer according to the scale given. |Strongly Disagree |(2) Disagree |(3) Neither Disagree |(4) Agree |(5) Strongly | | | |Nor Agree | |Agree | |C1. The availability of AgroMas Instant Coffee are hard to find |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C2. The shelf space allocation of AgroMas Instant Coffee are accessible |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C3. You see many places sell AgroMas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C4. You willing to switch currently brand preferences to AgroMas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C5. The selling location of AgroMas Instant Coffee is located at high traffic area |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C6. The store location choosen by FAMA usually convenience to consumer |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C7. You think demand do not affect the availability of AgroMas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |C8. It is easy to repeat purchase of AgroMas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | Section D: Sales Performance For Question D1-D8, you should circle your best choice of answer according to the scale given. |Strongly Disagree |(2) Disagree |(3) Neither Disagree |(4) Agree |(5) Strongly | | | |Nor Agree | |Agree | D1. You satisfied with the AgroMas Instant Coffee commercial advertisement |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |D2. You satisfied with the AgroMas product availability |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |D3. You satisfied with the AgroMas product quality |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |D4. You satisfied with the taste and preferences of AgroMas Instant Coffee |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |D5. You satisfied with the AgroMas Instant Coffee packaging |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |D6. You think that retailer play an important role in influencing the consumer |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |purchase | | | | | | |D7. You think that relationship of retailer and consumer are important in |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |influencing sales of AgroMas Instant Coffee | | | | | | |D8. The brand image of AgroMas Instant Coffee will tremendously influence |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |sales | | | | | | Thank You for your time! ———————– Availability of Products Poor Sales Performance Promotion Effectiveness DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV) PERFORMANCE DETERMINANTS OF FAMA’S AGROMAS PRODUCTS IN SHAH ALAM Source: [pic][? ]3ertâ„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ º?  ©Ã‚ ­A? COiioy†,-BCT^aO? A ¶Ã‚ ¬A? —A— „—wj`UHj`UHwj`Uh} ih’gOJQJ^J[? ]h} ih} iOJQJh} iOJQJ^J[? ]h} ih} iOJQJ^J[? ]h} ih2 eOJQJ^J[? ]h’Philip B. Schary, Boris W. Becker, 1993) Source: Jim Blythe, 1999) How to cite Agromas, Essay examples

Tesol Methodology free essay sample

In this essay I am going to give some explanations taken from different books about what a method in second language teaching is. After that I am going to explain in a brief way, what in my opinion a method is. Furthermore, I am going to set my theory in a very specific context; culture, country, education, system, characteristics of the learners†¦ Moreover, I am going to define two different methods: The grammar-translation method and the direct method. And I am going to provide my personal opinion about those methods. Also I am going to explain why I have chosen them according to my own experience as learner. Besides, I am going to take some features from the two methods explained before and I am going to combine them to create what I consider a more useful method. And to conclude, I am going to give a summary of the paper, and of the conclusions I have reached at the end of it. The concept of method in language teaching is the idea that there is a collection of teaching practices based in a determined theory of language and of language learning. According to Richards and Rodgers’ (2001: 20) definition: ‘A method is theoretically related to an approach, is organizationally determined by a design, and is practically realized in procedure’. Personally, I think that a method in language teaching is a program that all teachers should follow to teach a language. Each program is based on the different sections of language teaching such as reading, writing, listening and grammar. Some methods that nowadays are being applied are: the Grammar Translation Method, the Direct Method, the Audiolingual Method, Community Language Teaching, the Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response, and the Natural Approach. Each of those methods is applied in a different context. Depending on the necessities of the students, the teacher could apply one or other method. If the student wants to improve grammar, the teacher may use the grammar translation method. If the student wants to improve communication, the teacher may use the direct, the audiolingual method, the suggestopedia method or the natural approach. Along the history of language teaching there has been a great debate about the differences between method and approach, some teachers believe that there is no difference between method and approach and that both merge in just one category; method. According to Richard and Rodgers (2001: 20): â€Å"Approach refers to theories about the nature of language and language learning that serve as the source of practices and principles in language teaching. † On the other hand: â€Å"Design (Method) is the level of method analysis in which we consider (a) what the objectives of a method are; (b) how language content is selected and organized within the method, that is, the syllabus model the method incorporates; (c) the types of learning tasks and teaching activities the method advocates; (d) the roles of learners; (e) the role of teachers; and (f) the role of instruction materials. In my opinion an approach is a set of theories and principles about the nature of language, and a method (design) is the way you apply these theories and principles. This method is thought to be applied in secondary schools. The level of the students towards this method is going to be applied is intermediate level. The country in which this method is thought to be applied is Spain. The learners are going to have English as L2. The teachers are going to teach all the theory in English, but in some occasions they will use the mother tongue of the students. Because, although they understand the basic concepts in English, they do not have enough level to understand the whole lesson. The teacher will have to prepare in a great way his classes because he has to enjoy the student, to maintain their attention. In order to obtain their concentration, the teacher will use videos, internet†¦ GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD The grammar-translation method of foreign language teaching is one of the most traditional methods (late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries). It was originally used to teach dead languages (and literatures) such as Latin and Greek, and this has to do with its main aim to-wards written work to the virtual exclusion of oral production. This method was used for the purpose of helping students read and appreciate foreign language literature. Characteristics: 1. The goal of foreign language study is to learn a language in order to read its literature or in order to benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual development that result from foreign language study. 2. Classes are taught in the students mother tongue. It is used to explain new items and to enable comparisons to be made between the foreign language and the students native language. 3. Reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking or listening. 4. Reading of difficult texts is begun early in the course of study. Little attention is paid to the content of texts. 5. Vocabulary selection is based solely on the reading texts used, and words are taught through bilingual word lists, dictionary study, and memorization. 6. Vocabulary is taught in the form of isolated word lists. 7. The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and language practice. Much of the lesson is devoted to translating sentences into and out of the target language, and it is this focus on the sentence that is a distinctive feature of the method. 8. Accuracy is emphasized. 9. Grammar is taught deductively- that is, by presentation and study of grammar rules, which are then practiced through translation exercises. Elaborate explanations of grammar are always provided. 10. The student’s native language is the medium of instruction. 11. Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. In my opinion the Grammar-translation method is a great one because the teacher uses the mother tongue of the students to teach the lesson. Personally I think that this is so important because when a teacher is introducing a foreign language to the students, they may feel uncomfortable and may not be receptive, whether if you teach the lesson in their mother tongue they can compare the words between the two languages and it is easier for them. Furthermore, it is essential for me the importance that this method gives to reading and writing. Because I think that the main issues that a student should study to know a language are reading and writing, and after that, he/she will understand everything of this language. DIRECT METHOD Towards the end of the late 1800s, a revolution in language teaching philosophy took place that is seen by many as the dawn of modern foreign language teaching. Sauveur and other believers in the Natural Method argued that a foreign language could be taught without translation or the use of the learner’s native language if meaning was conveyed directly through demonstration and action. According to Franke, a language could best be taught by using it actively in the classroom. Rather than using analytical procedures that focus on explanation of grammar rules in classroom teaching, teacher must encourage direct and spontaneous use of foreign language in the classroom. Teachers began attempting to teach foreign languages in a way that was more similar to first language acquisition. It incorporated techniques designed to address all the areas that the Grammar Translation did not namely oral communication, more spontaneous use of the language, and developing the ability to think in the target language. Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language. 2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught. 3. Oral communication skills were built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes. 4. The learner should be actively involved in using the language in realistic everyday situations. 5. Students are encouraged to think in the target language. Vocabulary is acquired more naturally if students use it in full sentences rather than memorizing word lists. Grammar was taught inductively. 7. New teaching points were introduced orally. 8. Concrete vocabulary was taught by association of ideas. 9. Both speech and listening comprehension were taught. 10. Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized. 11. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate. It is desirable that students make a direct association between the target language and meaning. 12. Lessons should contain some conversational activity—some opportunity for students to use language in real contexts. Students should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. In my opinion this method has some interesting ideas. I think that this method is addressed to a more concrete group of students with some specific necessities. For example for a group of students that want to improve their communication in the foreign language. Moreover I find this method so important because the lessons are explained in the target language, and the teacher uses images or objects to explain the words that the students do not understand. Personally I had an experience with this method, when I studied German for the first time. The teacher entered the lesson talking in German and no one understood anything and also we learned grammar inductively. Depending on the type of student and the necessities that they have I would take more features from one method than from the other. But for example, for students that know nothing from the foreign language I would take more features from the Grammar-Translation method. I would teach the lesson combining the mother tongue and the target language. Moreover, I would base the lessons on reading and grammar. Also I would choose texts that enjoy the students. Furthermore, I would make some exercises of speaking. Besides, I would teach vocabulary with images and objects, to make the lesson more interesting for the students and also I will introduce some videos or internet, to make the lesson fluent. But I will base my lessons in writing and reading. I would make exercises such as: -Dictation: The teacher chooses a grade appropriate passage and reads the text aloud. -Reading Aloud: Students take turn reading sections of a passage, play or dialog out loud. In this essay I have tried to explain what a method in second language teaching is. Besides, I have settled my own method in a specific context: country, students. And after that I have explained two methods that were interesting for me, giving my opinion and my experience about them. Furthermore I have compared both of them and also I have combined the best features of them into one method. In my opinion a method in language teaching is completely necessary, because a teacher can not use the same method with all the students. Depending on the age of the students and on their necessities the teacher should choose one or other, or even combine different ones. A teacher needs a method because he/she has to have a fixed lesson, he/she must to know what he/she wants to teach, and in what sections of language he/ she is going to focus on. There has been a lot of controversy along the history about the concept of method in language teaching; about the differences or similarities between the concept of method and approach. But in my opinion I think that there is a clear difference between them; an approach is a set of theories and principles about the nature of language, and a method (design) is the way you apply these theories and principles.